滩地造林抑螺作用机理研究进展

长江流域滩地是我国钉螺分布的主要区域，也是血吸虫病的主要流行区。近些年我国大力实施的林业血防工程通过滩地营造人工杨树林，使得钉螺原有孳生地的多种生物要素和非生物要素发生了明显变化，显著减少了钉螺种群的分布空间，从而有效控制了血吸虫病的传播。目前，国内外在滩地造林后单一要素改变对钉螺的影响方面已有较多研究，但有关生物要素与非生物要素对钉螺分布的交互作用还未有深入探索，对钉螺孳生产生抑制作用的关键要素尚不明确。文中综述了滩地造林后林下的草本植物群落、土壤理化性质、光照、地温等诸多要素发生变化对钉螺生存的不利影响，总结了滩地造林抑螺作用机理的研究进展，提出该领域今后的重点研究方向，以期为滩地造林抑螺作用机理的深入研究提供参考和借鉴。     

浙南山区杨梅大棚促早栽培技术研究

本研究选择‘东魁’杨梅为试验材料，以露地栽培为对照，研究大棚设施促早栽培对‘东魁’杨梅的物候期、产量、品质、效益的影响效应。经过3年的试验，通过对‘东魁’杨梅物候期的记载，产量、效益的统计，单果质量、可溶性固形物、总糖、总酸、钾含量、Vc含量等质量指标的检测，综合分析结果表明，东魁杨梅大棚栽培促早、提质、增效效果显著。本研究对优化和推广杨梅大棚促早栽培技术具有重要意义，对山区农民增收提供示范案例。     

基于网络点评的郑州市森林公园使用后评价研究

以郑州市森林公园为例,采用内容分析法和ROST Content Mining软件,通过大众点评网、携程网等旅游网站获取有关景区的评论数据,进行高频词分析、语义网络分析以及情感分析,分析游客游后感知并研究使用后评价.结果表明:郑州市森林公园的使用后综合评价为公园景色优美、环境宜人,符合森林公园定位;游园性价比高,整体满意度高;游客活动以生态健身为主,但景观特色未完全展现;景区基础设施服务有待提高.因此,提出公园要打造景区特色优势、提高基础设施服务、加强文化及科普宣传、建设智慧公园等建议.     

New Polyketides from the Antarctic Fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. HSX2#-11

The species Pseudogymnoascus is known as a psychrophilic pathogenic fungus with a ubiquitous distribution in Antarctica. Meanwhile, the study of its secondary metabolites is infrequent. Systematic research of the metabolites of the fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. HSX2#-11, guided by the method of molecular networking, led to the isolation of one novel polyketide, pseudophenone A (1), along with six known analogs (2–7). The structure of the new compound was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic investigation and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Pseudophenone A (1) is a dimer of diphenyl ketone and diphenyl ether, and there is only one analog of 1 to the best of our knowledge. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited antibacterial activities against a panel of strains. This is the first time to use molecular networking to study the metabolic profiles of Antarctica fungi.     

江西省天然林资源保护工程实施成效、问题及对策研究

天然林是我国森林资源的主体和精华,是结构最复杂、群落最稳定、生物量最大、生物多样性最丰富、生态功能最强的森林生态系统.研究江西省天然林资源保护成效对改善森林生态环境、维护国家生态安全、应对全球气候变化、促进生态文明建设和社会经济可持续发展有重大意义.本文根据2016年江西省列为全国天然林"全面保护"省份以来的资料,分析了天然林保护的主要措施、取得成效、存在问题,提出了健全天然商品林保护补偿机制、对天然商品林统一进行综合保险、启动天然林资源质量提升项目、完善天然林保护修复制度、加大对国有林场的政策资金扶持力度及规范盘活天然林资源六大对策.分析结果可为持续保护修复天然林提供决策依据.     

园林绿化废弃物覆盖对城市绿地土壤肥力影响

  目的  本研究旨在探讨园林绿化废弃物覆盖对城市绿地土壤肥力影响，以期为园林绿化废弃物资源化利用解决城市绿地土壤问题提供依据。  方法  本研究以北京市典型城市绿地土壤?圆明园为研究对象，通过野外试验设置4种不同处理:不覆盖（CK）、上层木片 + 下层堆置15 d的园林绿化废弃物堆肥（处理A）、上层木片 + 下层堆置30 d的园林绿化废弃物堆肥（处理B）、上层木片 + 下层堆置60 d的园林绿化废弃物堆肥（处理C），进行室内分析测定，结合修正的内梅罗指数法计算土壤综合肥力指数，运用Pearson相关性及逐步回归分析，分析不同覆盖处理对土壤综合肥力的影响。  结果  0 ~ 10 cm土层中，C覆盖处理显著提高土壤有效磷、速效钾含量（P < 0.05）；10 ~ 20 cm土层中，C覆盖处理显著提高土壤速效钾含量（P < 0.05）。土壤综合肥力指数显示，C覆盖处理显著提高0 ~ 10 cm土层的综合肥力（P < 0.05）。修正的内梅罗指数法中F_imin值及逐步回归分析表明，土壤综合肥力限制因子为土壤密度及有效磷，土壤综合肥力最主要影响因子为有机质，其次为土壤有效磷及土壤密度。  结论  综上，园林绿化废弃物覆盖对土壤理化性质及综合肥力有不同程度的影响，结果显示处理C为最佳覆盖方案，今后研究中要着重注意土壤肥力主要影响因子（土壤有机质、土壤密度及有效磷）的动态变化及改善。      

缩短500 kV某变电站生产投运时间

根据国家电网公司《国家电网公司变电运维管理办法》等6项通用制度的规定。通用制度中明确对变电站内设备验收、运维、检修、检测、评价和反事故措施等方面提出了新标准和要求,国家电网要求生产投运周期控制在90天以内。为此,小组对近几年安徽检修分公司所辖500 kV变电站的新建、扩建工程所须时间进行统计分析,结果表明,新站投运所需时间大约在110天左右,离国家电网公司对新建变电站投运时间上的最新要求存在一定差距。另外,生产投运周期过长也严重影响了新站投运、扩建工程的进度,阻碍了电网快速发展,也不符合十三五电网规划的要求。考虑如何提高变电站工程生产投运效率,已成为满足电网规划发展、保障安全供电要求的当务之急。因此,QC小组确定此次QC活动的课题为“缩短500 kV某变电站生产投运时间”。     

MS培养基中氮、磷无机盐对鳗草克隆幼苗生存的影响

为了探究MS培养基中氮、磷无机营养盐对鳗草生长的影响。单独添加不同浓度KNO₃、NH₄NO₃和KH₂PO₄的天然海水中培养鳗草克隆苗,于7、14天进行植株形态学观察和叶片叶绿素含量测定。其中,KNO₃的添加量为MS培养基中的1/2倍、1倍和2倍及NO₃^-总浓度为39.4 mmol/L,KH₂PO₄和NH₄NO₃的添加量均为MS培养基中各自浓度的1/2、1和2倍。结果表明,叶绿素含量以KNO₃处理组最高(P<0.05),克隆苗培养14天无毒害现象,且有新叶发出;NH₄NO₃和KH₂PO₄处理组均对克隆苗有明显毒害作用,NH₄NO₃处理组叶片48 h后开始褐化,7天后茎尖、根尖明显变软并褐化,14天后植株死亡;KH₂PO₄处理组培养14天后叶片平均褐化率达56%。因此,1/2、MS培养基均不适用于鳗草的室内培养,其培养基的氮源应为单独添加的NO₃^--N或高浓度NO₃^--N+低浓度NH₄⁺-N。     

Magnetic removal/immobilization of cadmium and zinc in contaminated soils using a magnetic microparticle solid chelator and its effect on rice cultivation

Purpose

Magnetic removal techniques using functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as adsorbents have been frequently tested for use in the removal of heavy metals in aqueous solution, but seldom in farmland soil. Here, a novel magnetic microparticle solid chelator (MSC) was employed as the adsorbent for magnetic removal and/or immobilization of Cd and Zn in a paddy soil (PS), an upland soil (US), and a paddy–upland rotation soil (RS) with different degrees of pollution.

Materials and methods

MSC was applied to 14 kg air-dried soil samples (PS, US, and RS) at the dosage of 1% (w/w), and then watered, and intermittently stirred. Finally, the MSC–metal complexes were retrieved using a magnetic device (MCR treatment) or not (MC treatment), and the removal efficiency of soil Cd and Zn in MCR treatment was evaluated. After magnetic separation of MSC–metal complexes, pot experiments were performed to investigate the impacts of the magnetic remediation process on rice growth, the phytoavailability of soil Cd and Zn, and the accumulation of Cd and Zn in rice plants.

Results and discussion

The MCR treatment exhibited recovery rates of 55.4%, 49.6%, and 19.0% for MSC–metal complexes in PS, US, and RS, respectively, which brought about removal efficiencies of 2.2–12.2% for Cd and 1.9–4.6% for Zn. The MC and MCR treatments substantially decreased the availability of soil Cd, but not soil Zn; this effect was more remarkable when using CaCl₂ instead of DTPA as the extractant for determination of bioavailable metals. Furthermore, the CaCl₂-extractable Cd and Zn had a more significant relationship with Cd and Zn concentrations in rice roots. The MC and MCR treatments led to dramatic reductions in rice grain Cd of 23.9–72.1% and 37.3–63.9%, respectively, in the three soils relative to the respective controls. The MC and MCR treatments also exhibited an inhibitory effects on rice grain Zn accumulation in US (10.6% and 4.3% decreases, respectively) and RS (9.3% and 19.5% decreases, respectively), but not in PS. Moreover, the grain yield was unaffected under the MCR treatment in the three soils, and significantly increased by 29.8% under the MC treatment in US.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that MSC-based magnetic remediation technique can effectively immobilize and/or remove Cd and Zn in farmland soils, decreasing their uptake by rice plants, with no adverse effects on grain yield.